Abstract
Background: About 3–4% of women in community samples suffer from childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Surprisingly, the recently developed City Birth Trauma Scale (City BiTS) was the first diagnostic tool for childbirth-related PTSD covering DSM-5 criteria for PTSD. Since no questionnaire on childbirth-related PTSD is available in German, we aimed to validate a German translation of the City BiTS and to provide information on its psychometric properties.Methods: A community sample of 1,072 mothers completed an online survey, which included questions on sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, the German version of the City BiTS, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the anxiety subscale of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-Anxiety).Results: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on a random split-half sample confirmed the previously reported two-factorial structure of the City BiTS. The factors “Childbirth-related symptoms” and “General symptoms” explained about 53%, 52% of variance. Internal consistency was good to excellent for the subscales and the total scale (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.89−0.92). In a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the holdout sample the two-factorial solution reached the best model fit out of three models. Correlation analyses showed convergent validity of the City BiTS (total scale and subscales) with the IES-R and PCL-5 and divergent validity with the EPDS and the DASS-Anxiety.Limitations: Data were acquired in a community sample and prevalence rates might not be representative for mothers of high-risk groups, e.g., after preterm birth.Conclusions: The German version of the City BiTS is the first German questionnaire which allows to assess symptoms of childbirth-related PTSD according to DSM-5 criteria. Besides an improvement in clinical routine it will help to make data on prevalence of childbirth-related PTSD internationally comparable. In addition, this work provides a basis to assess childbirth-related PTSD in studies conducted with a longitudinal study design or in high-risk samples.
Highlights
Recent data suggest, that giving birth even without any further medical complications for mother or child may lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 3–4% of women and the prevalence might increase during the first year postpartum [1,2,3,4]
The German version of the City BiTS is the first German questionnaire which allows to assess symptoms of childbirth-related PTSD according to DSM-5 criteria
This work provides a basis to assess childbirth-related PTSD in studies conducted with a longitudinal study design or in high-risk samples
Summary
That giving birth even without any further medical complications for mother or child may lead to PTSD in 3–4% of women and the prevalence might increase during the first year postpartum [1,2,3,4]. Childbirth-related PTSD is not regularly assessed in postpartum routine care. About 3–4% of women in community samples suffer from childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The recently developed City Birth Trauma Scale (City BiTS) was the first diagnostic tool for childbirth-related PTSD covering DSM-5 criteria for PTSD. Since no questionnaire on childbirth-related PTSD is available in German, we aimed to validate a German translation of the City BiTS and to provide information on its psychometric properties
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