Abstract
The aim of the work was to assess the effectiveness of municipal waste management in Poland over the period 2012–2017, considering the accumulation of waste collected selectively and non-selectively per capita and the changes resulting from the implementation of Directives 1999/31/EC and 2008/98/EC in Polish legislation. Within 6 years, noticeable changes in the country initiated by the EU and national legislation indicated an increase in the amount of waste to be recovered. However, the achieved efficiency of limiting the deposited waste at the level of 20% was moderate, despite the existence of infrastructure allowing for increased recovery. The analysis of the efficiency of waste management showed a certain convergence of the increase in the amount of generated waste and gross domestic product (GDP). On the other hand, the increase in accumulated organic waste per capita in all three dimensions of time was the most significant and exceeded 20%.
Highlights
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is an inevitable effect of society’s existence and the functioning of economic entities
This confirms that the recognition of the efficiency of waste management depends on many factors
The demonstrated trend of the increase in the amount of waste in Poland is consistent with the global trend, which is characterised by a rapid increase in quantity (Hoornweg and Bhada-Tata 2012)
Summary
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is an inevitable effect of society’s existence and the functioning of economic entities. For a society to live in an ecologically sustainable country, it is necessary to introduce waste management methods that consider waste recovery, environmentally safe disposal, and above all, minimisation of the quantity and effect of waste on the environment (Tsoulfas and Pappis 2006). From mid-2013 in Poland, in accordance with the implementation of Directives 1999/31/EC and 2008/98/EC, the generation of MSW must be prevented as much as possible, and waste recovery must be increased to 50% by 2020 through segregation at the source (Boas-Berg et al 2018). Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues states is the application of the waste hierarchy (Pomberger et al 2017). This includes recycling, which limits the effect of waste on the environment, reduces the consumption of natural resources, and decreases costs (Eriksson et al 2005). Waste management should be dominated by rational solutions, which should be consistent with the principles of environmental protection and material management (Przydatek 2012)
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