Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are highly prevalent non-communicable diseases worldwide. Periodontitis may act as a non-traditional cardiovascular risk (CVR) factor, linked by a low-grade systemic inflammation mediated by C-reactive protein (CRP). Patients with periodontitis reported higher serum CRP levels; however, a CRP systemic and periodontal correlation in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and its CVR impact have been barely studied. We aimed to assess the association between periodontal diseases and CVR in a group of adult women, based on serum high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) levels; and secondly, to determine the association between serum and GCF CRP levels. Gingival crevicular fluid and blood samples were obtained from women with periodontitis, gingivitis, and healthy controls. Serum and GCF CRP were determined by turbidimetric method and Luminex technology, respectively. Data were analyzed and adjusted by CVR factors. All women presented moderate CVR, without an evident association between serum hs-CRP levels and periodontal diseases. While serum hs-CRP concentrations did not significantly differ between groups, patients with gingivitis and periodontitis showed higher CRP levels in GCF, which positively correlated to CRP detection in serum.
Highlights
Age median was significantly higher in individuals with periodontitis than in gingivitis
[5.9] and 26.2 [6.3] years, respectively) (p < 0.008); while body mass index (BMI) medians progressively increased from health to gingivitis and periodontitis (21.2 [2.9], 23.8 [4.3], 24.4 [6.3] kg/m2, respectively), with significant differences between the group of gingivitis and the controls (p < 0.008)
We were not able to confirm an association between hs-C-reactive protein (CRP)-based risk stratification and periodontal diseases in adult Chilean women; we found a strong association between CRP levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), especially in periodontitis, revealing its potential usefulness as a surrogate non-invasive screening method for systemic inflammation
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a group of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels. Their high prevalence positions them as the leading cause of death globally, especially those associated with atherosclerotic processes [1]. Traditional risk factors include age, high total cholesterol or high low-density lipoprotein (LDL), low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, family history of CVD, low socioeconomic status, and sex [2,3]. Even when men are the most common sufferers, CVD have high relative relevance in women’s death. It is projected that around 50% of the female population will die from CVD, which sets up these diseases as one of the main causes of death, especially for women of younger ages.
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