Abstract
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a significant cause of premature seizure-related death. An association between SUDEP and cardiac remodeling has been suggested. However, whether SUDEP is a direct consequence of acute or recurrent seizures is unsettled. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of status epilepticus (SE) and chronic seizures on myocardial structure and function.We used the intracortical kainate injection model of temporal lobe epilepsy to elicit SE and chronic epilepsy in mice. In total, 24 C57/BL6 mice (13 kainate, 11 sham) were studied 2 and 30 days post-injection. Cardiac structure and function were investigated in-vivo with a 9.4 T MRI, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and histology [Haematoxylin/Eosin (HE) and Martius Scarlet Blue (MSB)] for staining of collagen proliferation and fibrin accumulation.In conclusion, we did not detect any significant changes in cardiac structure and function neither in mice 2 days nor 30 days post-injection.
Highlights
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a tragic complication of epilepsy with an estimated incidence rate of 1.2–1.4 per 1000 patient-years (Harden et al, 2017; Saetre and Abdelnoor, 2018)
We examined three incisions from each heart, two of which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and one with Martius Scarlet Blue (MSB) for evaluation of fibroplasia (Fig. 3)
The intracortical, juxtahippocampal administration of kainate caused an immediate onset of generalized epileptic seizures in all animals characterized by typical tonic-clonic movements in the upper and lower extremities and tail rectification
Summary
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a tragic complication of epilepsy with an estimated incidence rate of 1.2–1.4 per 1000 patient-years (Harden et al, 2017; Saetre and Abdelnoor, 2018). Seizures typically activate the sympathetic nervous system resulting in increased heart rate and blood pressure, but may, on the other hand, via parasympathetic activation or sympathetic inhibition lead to reduced heart and respiratory rates and decreased blood pressure (Devinsky, 2004). The latter may mainly occur when seizures involve the central autonomic network, which frequently follows spreading from the temporal brain region (Tinuper et al, 2001; Ansakorpi et al, 2000, 2002; Suorsa et al, 2011).
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