Abstract
Background and Aim:Calcium phosphate bioceramics have been used for at least a decade, and many investigations have focused on the use of hydroxyapatite (HA) derivative in the regeneration of bone defects. Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) is a biomaterial composed of HA and beta-tricalcium phosphate (BCP), with a structure similar to bone. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the BCP/alginate scaffold on tissue growth, blood, the lungs, and the electrical activity of the heart during bone healing in the tibia of pig.Materials and Methods:Three pigs were implanted with BCP/alginate scaffolds in the tibias. Pigs were acclimatized and treated with antibiotics and anthelminthic drugs 14 days before implantation. Each pig was implanted with a BCP/alginate scaffold in the right tibia and a defect without the implant was made in the left tibia as the control. Radiographic images of the tibia were captured 0, 7, 30, and 60 days after the operation. Erythrograms, radiography of the lungs, and electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings were done 0, 30, and 60 days after the operation.Results:Radiographic evaluations showed that the implant and peri-implant density of BCP decreased throughout the process of bone healing. The erythrogram profile indicated that a substantial amount of time (60 days) was required to adapt and return to pre-operative conditions. No significant differences in ECG recordings or pulmonary radiography were detected.Conclusion:The BCP/alginate scaffold did not induce a faster recovery rate from the bone defect compared to the control with no implant. However, the BCP/alginate scaffold was biodegradable, bioresorbable, and non-toxic.
Highlights
Bone implants and heterologous materials have been under development for many years to enhance the quality of life in humans after trauma, bone cancer, fractures, and osteoporosis
The Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP)/alginate scaffold did not induce a faster recovery rate from the bone defect compared to the control with no implant
The size of the defects changed little from days 0 to 7, but changed more drastically from days 7 to 30, as shown in Table-1 and Figure-3. Both mediolateral and craniocaudal radiographic images show a radiopaque sphere on the implanted tibia, which represents the presence of the BCP/ alginate scaffold
Summary
Bone implants and heterologous materials have been under development for many years to enhance the quality of life in humans after trauma, bone cancer, fractures, and osteoporosis. The use of biomaterials is increasing the focus of investigations. Biomaterials for bone implants should possess the following properties: Osteoinductivity to stimulate mesenchymal cell differentiation into bone-forming osteoblasts; osteoconductivity to serve as a matrix. Calcium phosphate bioceramics have been used for at least a decade, and many investigations have focused on the use of hydroxyapatite (HA) derivative in the regeneration of bone defects. Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) is a biomaterial composed of HA and beta-tricalcium phosphate (BCP), with a structure similar to bone. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the BCP/alginate scaffold on tissue growth, blood, the lungs, and the electrical activity of the heart during bone healing in the tibia of pig
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