Abstract
Study on assessmentof biodiesel fuel potentials of seed crude oil extracts of Balanites aegyptiaaca (L.) Del was carriedout. Standard methods of the Association of Official and Analytical Chemist (AOAC) were adopted to evaluate the proximate, physico-chemical properties and fatty acid compositions of crude seed oil extracts of the test plant. The proximate constituents of the crude seed oil extract gave crude protein (22.09%), crude fat (56.75%), moisturecontent (1.35%), ash (4.70%), crudefiber (12.75%) and carbohydrate (2.36%). The crude oil physicochemical properties included saponification value(216.439mgKOH/g), peroxide value(4.84meq/kg), acid value(2.18mgKOH/g), iodine value(77.08g/100g), viscosity value(150.3@30°C) and cetane number(54.08), refractive index(1.487 @30°C), relative density (0.949g/cm3) while calorific value was 39.03(MJ/kg). The fatty acids composition of crude kernel oil extract of B. aegyptiaca indicated the presence of four (4) fatty acids, with relative percentage abundance (RPA) in the order of 67.17% (9,12-Octadecanoic acid (C19 H3402)) > 16.22% (Pentadecanoic acid (C17H3402)) > 11.8kg% (Heptacosanoic acid (C28H5602)) > 4.72% (Oleic acid(C18H3402)). These properties conferred relative prospects on the crude oil of the test plant as a suitable potential biodiesel substrate and consequently, large scale aforestation efforts be renewed, to guarantee ready availability of the raw materials.
 Keywords: Balanites aegyptiaca, Biodiesel, proximate, physicochemical, crude seed oil extracts
Highlights
The fossil fuels namely coal, natural gas and oil, remain the predominant global energy consumed in the world today (Yunus and Zuru, 2017)
The proximate constituents of the crude seed oil extract gave crude protein (22.09%), crude fat (56.75%), moisturecontent (1.35%), ash (4.70%), crudefiber (12.75%) and carbohydrate (2.36%)
Known as methyl esters, they have higher cetane numbers (CN) which is the measure of diesel quality, with other characteristics similar to fossil-based diesel fuels
Summary
The preliminary seed preparations and extractions was carried out in the chemistry laboratory of Federal College of Forestry, Jos. The % crude protein obtained for B. aegyptiaca is closely similar to the value reported by Oderinde et al (2009) from Hura crepitans oil extracts (Figure 2). Of esterified B. aegyptiaca (Jauro and Adams., 2011), 0.903 g/cm and 1.46 g/cm of non-esterified Jatropha curcas (Umaru and Aberuagba, 2012) and Hura crepitans (Ottih et al, 2015) This figure was relative to the limit of 0.96 g/cm reported for Automation Gas Oil (AGO) (Igbum et al, 2013), and the range ASTM standard (0.875 - 0.900g/cm3) and EN14214(0.86 - 0.900 g/cm3), as reported by Odjobo and Umar (2019), showing good potential for biodiesel. Parameter Relative density(g/cm3) Refractive index(@ 30°C) Saponification value (mgKOH/g) Peroxide value(meq) Acid value (mgKOH/g)
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