Abstract
Bank erosion is the predominant character of River Mahananda in the Sub-Himalayan North Bengal. The present study aims to identify the bank erosion mechanism as well as the impact of river bank erosion on land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics of the study area. Survey of India (SOI) topographical map 78 B/5 (1975) and satellite imageries for the temporal year of 1991 and 2019 from USGS have been used for the study. For the assessment of bank erosion process Bank erosion hazard index (BEHI) model has been adopted here. The channel migration has been delineated by the superimposition of temporal bank lines extracted from the temporal satellite imageries. LULC analysis has been carried out through the supervised classification technique using remote sensing and GIS tools. Form the assessment of BEHI it can be visualized that the scores have been ranging from 30.75 to 44.30 which indicates high to very high vulnerable areas under fluvial erosion. The channel migration for the temporal period from 1991 to 2019 is ranging from 7.72 to 411.16 m along the studied reach which reflects the high erosion effectiveness. From LULC classes it has been assessed that settled or built-up areas have been increased and the water body is gradually decreased overall in the study area. The study resulted that the river bank erosion has its direct impact on land use of the studied area. In the study vulnerable sites to fluvial erosion have been delineated and unplanned land use can be managed through sustainable way.
Highlights
Riverbank erosion is an inevitable natural phenomenon of any floodplain region
Riverbank failure is the process which is leading to the fact of shifting of the river and the ultimatum is normally excessive river bank erosion and the erosion study from the environmental point of view always been designated as a hazardous situation for the local inhabitants though it has geared-up by some anthropogenic interferences [4]
Near Champasari forest the low bank heights and the composition of sandy material of the bank is responsible for high rate of Bank erosion hazard index (BEHI) (36.75)
Summary
Bank erosion involves the mechanism of removal of bank materials from river banks by the fluvial actions like channel head pressure, velocity, discharge etc. Liquefaction of basal materials of a riverbank occurs when the effluent flow of ground water added into the river [1]. Though the bank erosion is a natural and unimpeded phenomena but it accelerates by anthropogenic interferences like changes of LULC over the time. Riverbank failure is the process which is leading to the fact of shifting of the river and the ultimatum is normally excessive river bank erosion and the erosion study from the environmental point of view always been designated as a hazardous situation for the local inhabitants though it has geared-up by some anthropogenic interferences [4]. River course always struggles to SN Applied Sciences (2022) 4:20
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