Abstract
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) analysis of 56 animals of four different genetic groups of dwarf cattle in Kerala was done as a single step analysis. Bandsharing (BS) values were calculated for animals of each group and between groups as an analytical tool to find out genetic variation among animals. The different factors affecting BS values were estimated using Harvey''s Least squares analysis. The effects of genetic group, Guanine-cytosine (GC) content of primer and gel on BS values were found significant. Bandsharing values of Kasargode-Highrange dwarf animals were significantly different from Vechur, Vatakara and their combinations. The Vechur, Vatakara and Vechur-Vatakara combinations were found to be more uniform (high BS value) compared with other combinations. The bandsharing value was lowest with primers of GC content 90% and highest with 80% GC content. The effect of gel on BS value points to the need of adjustments of gel factor for calculation of BS values.
Highlights
Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers (RAPD) were first described by Williams et al (1990)
The technique of RAPD-PCR in animals has been standardized and the genetic diversity among native cattle groups was found based on Bandsharing values
Vechur and Vatakara animals are found as more similar compared with Highrange dwarf and Kasargode animals
Summary
Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers (RAPD) were first described by Williams et al (1990). The technique is simple, fast and relatively cheaper, permitting rapid generation of almost unlimited number of polymorphisms. It uses random oligonucleotide primers at low annealing temperature for amplification. As the marker scans the entire genome, it is used in characterization studies of animals and plants. Bandsharing (BS) values were calculated from the RAPD fingerprints as an analytical measure to estimate the genetic divergence of animals, which is very well needed for characterization of animals. One of the disadvantages of RAPD-PCR technique is the influence of different factors in band formation, which will affect bandsharing values. The present study was an investigation towards the factors influencing BS value in RAPD-PCR analysis
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