Assessment of Bacterial Inhibitory Properties of Zingiber officinale (ginger) Ethanol Extract on Some Clinical Isolates and Evaluation of Its Bioactive Compounds

Obi, C,Bukar, T

doi:10.21608/eajbsg.2021.153939

Abstract

The increased usage of antibiotics has induced microorganisms to acquire resistance factors which have become a burning predicament. As a result, there is an urgent need to find an alternative to chemotherapeutic drugs in disease treatment particularly those of plant origin which are easily available and have considerably fewer side effects. In this study, in-vitro antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale (ginger) was investigated using the agar diffusion method on some clinical isolates (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella dysenteriae). Phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure using SPSS (version 21) computer software. The extract of Zingiber officinale was active against all bacterial isolates with varying zones of inhibition that ranged from 12mm-24mm. Zingiber officinale extract had the highest zone of inhibition (24mm) at the concentration of 100mg/ml on E. coli followed by S. aureus (21mm) and K. pneumonia (18mm). Results of the phytochemical analysis of the Z. officinale extract showed the presence of some identified bioactive compounds (Geranyl acetate, α-Pirene, Camphene, Eucalyptol, Camphore, Terpin-4-ol, Citronellol, Geraniol, 2-Heptanol, Terpinolene, hexamethyl- etc.) that have antimicrobial properties. Therefore, results obtained from this study showed that the ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale possesses antibacterial properties against the clinical isolates tested which invariably make it a potential candidate for the treatment of some bacterial infections.

Highlights

In recent times, there is worldwide renewed interest in traditional medicine due to the realization that modern or orthodox medicine is not widespread in poor and many developing countries of the world (Mostafa, 2018; Gull et al, 2012)
Antibacterial Activity Assay: Results of the antibacterial susceptibility assay of the test organisms Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Shigella dysenteriae to ethanol extract of ginger at 100 mg/ml,50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 12.5 mg/ml, 6.25 mg/ml and 3.12mg/ml are shown on Table 1
It was observed that all the bacteria were susceptible to ethanol extract of Z. officinale

Summary

Introduction

There is worldwide renewed interest in traditional medicine due to the realization that modern or orthodox medicine is not widespread in poor and many developing countries of the world (Mostafa, 2018; Gull et al, 2012). The great need to look into the use of herbs as an alternative to these conventional means of treating bacteria and other infections caused by other organisms. Bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics that occurs due to indiscriminate use and self-medication of these drugs has been a problem facing modern-day medicine. Use of underdose and the absence of a rational program for antimicrobial use are many factors that contribute to the increased prevalence of drug-resistant microorganisms, rendering antibiotics ineffective (SaNguanpuag et al, 2011)

Objectives

Methods

Results