Abstract
The present paper aims to determine the best spectral index for extraction of surface water bodies and considerable variation in water surface area during the period between 1990 and 2018. Five spectral indices are tested using Landsat series (1990, 2000, 2009 and 2018) and their performance in delineating surface water are assessed. The results of each algorithm have been matched and verified by Pearson correlation and root mean square error (RMSE). The results indicated that a modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) was created for 1990, 2000, 2009 and 2018 by RMSE with accurate spatial information on waterbodies of 23.54, 33.14, 22.87 and 17.28 respectively. The estimated area of surface water bodies is increased by 2207.28 ha (1990–2018) derived through MNDWI. Hence, the process could be very useful for accurately mapping and monitoring surface water.
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