Abstract
The phytoremedial potential of Ipomoea aquatica and role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) during Cadmium uptake was studied under two different soils i.e., soil inoculated with and without AMF. The plants were treated with different concentrations of Cd(NO)3 starting from 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 ppm in three replicate design in soil with and without AMF inoculation. Results showed that AMF enhanced accumulation of cadmium in plant tissues at all concentrations. Plants in AMF exhibited tolerance for Cd up to 100 mg/l and accumulated 88.07% in its tissues with no visual symptoms of toxicity, whereas those in non-AMF showed marked growth reduction at the same concentration with a metal accumulation of 73.2%. A significant variation of antioxidant enzymes under different environments evaluated the defense pathways of plants during uptake of Cd. Physiological changes and nutrient uptake showed that plants inoculated in AMF were more unwavering during stress conditions. The study established that phytoremedial potential of I. aquatica depends on rhizospheric conditions which enhanced Cd uptake. Finally, it was established that AMF was able to maintain an efficient symbiosis with I. aquatica in soil moderately contaminated by Cd, viable due to relation between fungus and plant.
Highlights
Heavy metals like As, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Cr are phytotoxic either at all concentrations or above certain threshold levels
It was established that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was able to maintain an efficient symbiosis with I. aquatica in soil moderately contaminated by Cd, viable due to relation between fungus and plant
The uptake of Cd by plants in the present study clearly suggested that I. aquatica performed better in AMF as compared to non-AMF under moderately high concentration of Cd
Summary
Heavy metals like As, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Cr are phytotoxic either at all concentrations or above certain threshold levels. It involves use of plants to partially or substantially remediate selected contaminants in contaminated soil, sludge, sediment, ground water, surface water, and waste water (Vishnoi and Srivastava 2008). It is a comparatively cheaper method, it requires technical strategy, expert project designers with field experience to choose the proper species and cultivars for particular metals, and utilizes a variety of plant’s biological processes and physical characteristics to aid in the site remediation (Mudgal et al 2010)
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