Assessment of anxiety and depression among tuberculosis patients of Ahmedabad, India

Abstract

BackgroundIndia has high prevalence of Tuberculosis (TB). The long duration of treatment and chronic nature of illness predispose a person to anxiety as well as depression. Various addiction habits may affect treatment outcome and impact mental wellbeing in TB patients. This study was planned with the objectives of finding prevalence of anxiety and depression in tuberculosis patients at Ahmedabad district and to find association between anxiety, depression and different variables of TB patients as well as to assess the addiction profile of TB patients. MethodsA total of 600 TB patients above 18 years and having completed 3 months of anti TB treatment without any psychiatric illness were selected randomly from 3 types of health institutes where patients receive treatment namely Ahmedabad district TB center (Institute 1), one medical college attached hospital (Institute 2) and one private hospital (Institute 3).Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess anxiety and depression. ResultsThe mean age of study patients was 41.57 ± 13.44 years and 66.3% (398) patients were males. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was found to be 37.5% and 41.2% respectively while in 18.66% patients both anxiety and depression coexisted simultaneously. Institute 1 reported highest prevalence of anxiety (45.4%) while institute 2 reported highest prevalence of depression (42.9%). The prevalence of anxiety among drug sensitive TB patients was 32.7% while among drug resistant TB patients was 80%.The prevalence of depression in drug sensitive TB patients was 37.03% while among drug resistant TB patients was 78.3%. Anxiety had a statistically significant association with gender, occupation, socioeconomic class, type of TB, site of TB and perceived social isolation (p < 0.05).Except gender, depression was significantly associated with all the variables (p < 0.05).Tobacco addiction was found in 37.5% patients, alcohol addiction in 8.3% while 4.5% patients had both types of addiction. There was a statistically significant association found between addiction and variables like gender, residence, occupation, type of TB and site of TB. ConclusionOne third of patients had anxiety and more than one third had depression in which the prevalence of depression was higher than anxiety. District TB Center had highest prevalence of anxiety while medical college attached hospital had highest prevalence of depression. Anxiety and depression were higher in drug resistant TB patients. Tobacco addiction was more common than alcohol. Addiction had a significant association with depression, nonworking rural males and patients who had drug resistant pulmonary TB.