Assessment of Anticancer Effect of Alendronate in Breast Cancer: An In vitro Study

Nida Syed Amber Ilyas,Shamshad Zarina,Zehra Hashim,Aiping Zheng

doi:10.14302/issn.2576-6694.jbbs-19-2953

Nida Syed Amber Ilyas, Shamshad Zarina + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.14302/issn.2576-6694.jbbs-19-2953

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Abstract

Breast cancer has high incidence in women from both developed and developing countries. Approximately 2 million women are diagnosed with breast cancer in 2018. In Asia, unfortunately Pakistan leads the highest number of breast cancer patients. Various treatment strategies are present but they are not well developed. There is a great need to develop effective methods for early detection and treatment of the disease. For cancer treatment chemotherapeutic interventions have always been a method of choice. One of the mechanisms involved in cancerous cell proliferation is Mevalonate (MVA) pathway. It is hypothesized that arresting MVA pathway leads to cell death hence cancer cell growth is suppressed. Various inhibitors of MVA pathway have been studied that can suppress cell proliferation. Nitrogen containing bisphosphonates are MVA pathway inhibitor and clinically used for treatment of bone diseases. Their anticancer efficacy is also reported. Current study focuses on alendronate, a nitrogen containing bisphosphonate to examine their anticancer effect on breast cancer cell line. Results of this study may help in addition of new anticancer drug for breast cancer.

Highlights

Cancer is defined as a progressive group of disease characterized by abnormal clusters of cell mass that exceeds due to the uncontrolled growth [1, 2]
CytoTox 96® Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay kit (Promega) was used which determines the quantity of formazan product as measured by absorbance at 490nm is directly proportional to the number of living cells in culture.Cell viability was measured at 24, 48, and 72h after treatment with 5μM, 10μM and 20μMALN as shown in fig 1, 2 and 3
BPs exert their effects through inhibition of bone resorption and bone-derived growth factors that results in inhibition of tumor cell invasion [18], proliferation [19] and increased apoptosis [20] in breast and prostate carcinoma.There are two major classes based on the antiresorptive activity that is amino based bisphosphonates and non-amino based bisphosphonates [21]

Summary

Introduction

Cancer is defined as a progressive group of disease characterized by abnormal clusters of cell mass that exceeds due to the uncontrolled growth [1, 2]. Cancer is second major cause of death in the world. In 2015, 1600 deaths per day were anticipated in USA [3].Studies showed that in 2010 there are 1.6 million cancer cases have been diagnosed and by 2030 cancer burden will increase up to 2.3 million in United States [4]. Asia contributes 60% of the world population. An estimated population of 3.6 million males and 4.0 million females were diagnosed with cancer in this region, in which lung cancer is most prevalent among men and breast cancer among women [5]

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