Abstract
Background: Antibiotic resistance has surged the development and exploration of new, improved and effective natural products from plants and other sources like Honey has been rediscovered as a therapy for wounds, both in-vitro studies and in clinical trials. It has been observed to exert bacteriostatic and bactericidal potentials against pathogenic bacteria, including drug-resistant strains. The following study aimed to isolate and identify bacteria from wound infections and to investigate the antibacterial activity of honey samples; natural and commercial honey, against common clinical wound Pathogens.
 Methodology: Bacteria from wound samples of patients with injured legs were isolated using differential and selective agars, while the antibacterial activity of natural and commercial honey samples was determined by agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC).
 Results: The results indicated that natural honey has more potential to exert antibacterial activity with an 18-30mm zone of inhibition, which was significantly higher as compared to commercial honey with a 13-23mm zone of inhibition. MIC of natural honey was visible in most of the test organisms at25µg/ml as compared to commercial honey with only Bacillus sp and Staphylococcus sp2 at 50 µg/ml while Staphylococcus sp1 at 25µg/ml.
 Conclusion: The results propose due to a significant difference in the antibacterial activity of natural and commercial honey, these findings would help experts from the health sciences in the selection of the type of honey as an apitherapy for wound care and management.
Highlights
Natural honey is famous for its nutraceutical properties, as it is mainly composed of sugars, including fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose
Agar well diffusion method with commercial honey showed antibacterial activity against most of the isolates with a zone of inhibition between 13-23 mm, whereas natural honey was effective against all the isolates with 1830 mm zone of inhibition as presented in table 2
Ifra et al, have demonstrated in 2020 that the antibacterial activity of honey depends on concentration as well as the nature of the test organisms by using different samples of honey tested at three different concentrations against wound isolates[27]
Summary
Natural honey is famous for its nutraceutical properties, as it is mainly composed of sugars, including fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose. Pharmacologic effects of honey, i.e. antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, prebiotic, antinematodal, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive activities, have been reported in various studies with a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect against resistant pathogens[1,2,3] It has been used for medicinal purposes for many years, which has been confirmed by many clinical studies for skin burns, ulcers and wound[4,5,6,7,8]. Antibacterial activity of honey was first recognized in 1892; due to lack of scientific support, it has limited use in modern medicine[18], which has lately been rediscovered as a therapy for wounds[19] Interest in this approach stems partly from the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Conclusion: The results proposes due to a significant difference in the antibacterial activity of natural and commercial honey, these findings would help experts from the health sciences in the selection of the type of honey as an apitherapy for wound care and management
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