Abstract
Objective: Utilization of herbal remedies rich in flavonoids and vitamins have increased significantly these days to treat various disorders, thus existing research work encircled to appraise the analgesic effect of Nelumbo nucifera fruit (NNF) for evaluating its traditional use pharmacologically in disorders which are associated with pain and inflammation.
 Methods: Central analgesic activity in mice was assessed by tail flick test and the latency time i.e. the removal of tail from the stimulus was recorded. Similarly acetic acid induced writhing test was also conducted for the assessment of peripheral analgesic effect in mice and number of writhes was counted along with percent inhibition of writhes.
 Results: In tail flick test the peek anti-nociceptive effect at all doses of fruit was observed at 90 min. However, the percentage of tail elongation time was highest at a dose of 200 mg/kg i.e. 82% at 90 min. Number of writhes was highly significantly reduced at all doses of NNF but maximum effects were observed at dose 200 mg/kg as compared to control, indicating 48.41 % inhibition of writhes.
 Conclusion: NNF have exhibited strong analgesic effect in both animal models, which may be connected with the synergistic actions of flavonoids, saponins and tannins on arachidonic acid pathway inhibition. Hence NNF seems to have a great potential in disorders associated with pain but more experimental trials in this field are required to confirm these findings.
Highlights
Lots of individuals who experience severe, inexorable and excruciating pain, for instance, that resulting from cancer or injury has to rely on morphine, in spite of its established adverse outcomes
Table-1 has depicted the analgesic activity of Nelumbo nucifera fruit (NNF) and aspirin using the tail-flick test
It was revealed that NNF at dose 50 mg/kg exhibited extremely noteworthy analgesic effects at 30, 60 and 90 min and noteworthy effects at 120 and 150 min in comparison to control
Summary
Lots of individuals who experience severe, inexorable and excruciating pain, for instance, that resulting from cancer or injury has to rely on morphine, in spite of its established adverse outcomes. Unceasing anti-inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are mostly treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). These synthetic agents are dominating the market but issue of toxicity with prolonged use of these agents cannot be ruled out, the most frequent being GIT bleeding and ulcers [1, 2]. The plant-derived drugs are taken randomly by local population for the treatment of various diseases without having adequate information regarding its usefulness. For proper guidance of the general population, especially users of natural products, there is a need to scientifically prove the effectiveness of these medicinal plants [5]
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