Abstract
The main objectives of this work are monitoring and analyzing air pollutant gases in Karbala city like (O3, SO2, H2S, VOCS, TSP, CO, CO2, NO2, PM1, PM2.5, PM7 and PM10). In this study, 11 deferent locations with 22 monitoring site has been selected to measuring the concentrations of air pollutants. The measuring period was six months starting from December (2015) to May (2016). The concentration results of TSP were more than Iraqi and world standard during April and May. The concentrations of CO recorded high values at the north of the city. The maximum concentration of NO2 was exceeding (1.5 ppm) at April 2016, while the minimum value was reached to (0.1 ppm) in many locations. The values of O3 were within international and Iraqi standard limits while the SO2 concentrations were above the International standard limits. High concentration of CO2 were founded in the north site of Karbala. There were high H2S concentrations in all sites, H2S values were between (0.006 ppm - 1.81 ppm) during the period study, which were exceeding acceptable limits value of the international. There is variation in the volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the highest concentration for VOCs was about (20 ppm) at December 2015. The minimum concentrations of VOCs were recorded during March 2016. In all sites the concentrations were within the acceptable limits (3 ppm). The results of field tests of air sites show that the highest pollutants concentrations were in December, April and May months, whereas lower concentrations of pollutants are observed during the remainder of the study, especially in March.
Highlights
Throughout the world, air pollution is a matter of concern at all levels
The results of this study deals with air pollutants (TSP, PM1, PM2.5, PM7, PM10, H2S, NO2, SO2, CO2, Carbon Monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), O3) for six months starting from December 2015 to May 2016 and analysis their results
The values of CO2 were highly recorded in the north and the middle of city due to the main road that connect with Baghdad, the main intersection in Karbala city
Summary
Throughout the world, air pollution is a matter of concern at all levels. Being a serious matter of concern now-a-day, a systematic monitoring program all over the world especially in urban cities are urgently needed as the level of air pollution is increasing rapidly in many areas of mega cities of the developing world [3]. As such, developing countries were confronted with the great challenge of controlling the atmospheric pollution especially in the rapidly growing mega cities. Concern about air pollution in urban regions is receiving increasing importance worldwide, especially pollution by gaseous and particulate trace metals [4, 5]. Petrol and diesels engines of motor vehicles were found to emit a wide variety pollutants, principally, oxide of nitrogen (NOx) which had an increasing impact on urban air quality [8]
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