Abstract
Background Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFb) is a highly pleiotropic cytokine that is involved in numerous signalling pathways, including immune homeostasis. It is secreted by all immune cell lineages and is classically viewed as an anti-inflammatory cytokine. TGFb is associated with regulatory T cell (Treg) induction, and Tregfunction. However, in combination with pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-b and IL-23) TGFb will induce proinflammatory Th17 cells. In several autoimmune diseases, including Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), a disrupted Th17-Treg balance, lower Treg numbers or less functional Tregs have been described. Unfortunately TGFb production is hard to measure. Popular methods like flow cytometry or ELISA are not reliable, not sensitive or require activation of all latent TGFb present, which might not be representative.
Highlights
Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFb) is a highly pleiotropic cytokine that is involved in numerous signalling pathways, including immune homeostasis. It is secreted by all immune cell lineages and is classically viewed as an anti-inflammatory cytokine
TGFb is associated with regulatory T cell (Treg) induction, and Tregfunction
A sensitive bioassay for active TGFb may provide a better understanding of the role of TGFb in Treg number and function as well as the Th17-Treg balance in autoimmune diseases
Summary
Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFb) is a highly pleiotropic cytokine that is involved in numerous signalling pathways, including immune homeostasis. Assessment of active TGFb with a bioassay Annemieke Laarhoven1,2*, Katja Heitink2, Wilco de Jager2, Berent Prakken2, Femke van Wijk2 From 18th Pediatric Rheumatology European Society (PReS) Congress Bruges, Belgium.
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