Assessment of A20 infectious laryngotracheitis vaccine take in meat chickens using swab and dust samples following mass vaccination in drinking water

Abstract

Infectious laryngotracheitis, caused by the alphaherpesvirus infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), is an important disease of chickens. Partial control of this disease in meat chickens is commonly achieved by mass vaccination with live virus in drinking water. There is a need for a practical test to evaluate vaccination outcomes. For the Serva ILTV vaccine, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) enumeration of ILTV genome copies (GC) in flock level dust samples collected at 7–8 days post vaccination (dpv) can be used to differentiate flocks with poor and better vaccine take. This study aimed to validate this approach for A20, another widely used ILT vaccine in Australia. In four meat chicken flocks vaccinated with A20 in water using two different water stabilization times (20 or 40 min), swabs from the trachea and choanal cleft and dust samples were collected at 0, 7, 14 and 21 dpv. ILTV GC detection in swabs and dust was highest at 7 dpv and at this time ILTV GC load in dust was strongly and positively associated with vaccine take in individual birds assessed by swab samples. Choanal cleft swabs provided significantly fewer ILTV positive results than paired tracheal swab samples but the level of ILTV GC detected was similar. Water stabilization time had only minor effects on vaccination response in favour of the shorter time. Location of dust collection had no effect on viral load measured in dust samples. Dust samples collected at 0 and 7 dpv can be used to assess the vaccination status of flocks.