Abstract
A method for constructing a stream gauge network that reflects upstream and downstream runoff characteristics is assessed. For the construction of an optimal stream gauge network, we develop representative unit hydrographs that reflect such characteristics based on actual rainfall–runoff analysis. Then, the unit hydrographs are converted to probability density functions for application to entropy theory. This allows a comparison between two cases: one that considers the upstream and downstream runoff characteristics of a core dam area in South Korea, and another that uses empirical formula, which is an approach that has been widely used for constructing the stream gauge network. The result suggests that the case of a stream gauge network that considers upstream and downstream runoff characteristics provides more information to deliver, although the number of selected stream gauge stations of this case is less than that of the case that uses the empirical formula. This is probably because the information delivered from the constructed stream gauge network well represents the runoff characteristics of the upstream and downstream stations. The study area, the Chungju Dam basin, requires 12 stream gauge stations out of the current total of 18 stations for an optimal network that reflects both upstream and downstream runoff characteristics.
Highlights
A stream gauge network is an important water installation for the exact understanding of the amount of a water resource, because it provides basic water data [1]
The result suggests that the case of a stream gauge network that considers upstream and downstream runoff characteristics provides more information to deliver, the number of selected stream gauge stations of this case is less than that of the case that uses the empirical formula
For stations the construction of anThe theory of entropy was applied to the study area, Korea’s Chungju Dam basin, for the construction of an optimal stream gauge network
Summary
A stream gauge network is an important water installation for the exact understanding of the amount of a water resource, because it provides basic water data [1]. For the construction of an optimal stream gauge network for a target area, the close correlations between upstream and downstream runoff characteristics as well as the hydrological similarities between stations should be considered, rather than assessing the stations individually. The correlation analysis of hydrological data between stations is an important process in the design of the network [19], and has been applied in the environmental field [20] With this in mind, our study assessed stream gauge networks with a focus on how to construct them in a way that they reflect upstream and downstream runoff characteristics. To create an optimal network, the study developed representative unit hydrographs that reflect upstream and downstream runoff characteristics, which were based on actual rainfall analysis They were converted to probability density functions to be applied to entropy. This allows for a comparison between two cases: one that considers the upstream and downstream runoff characteristics of the Chungju Dam area in South Korea, and another that uses empirical formula, with the ultimate goal of acquiring stable stream data
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