Assessment and management of testicular pain

Abstract

Testicular pain can be a particularly challenging problem to manage in primary care, with potential pitfalls for the unwary. The most important acute diagnosis to consider is testicular torsion, as ischaemia, infarction and subsequent loss of function can occur within a few hours of onset. This article considers a range of different conditions that may present with testicular pain, sometimes with other accompanying symptoms. An accurate history is important in assessing testicular pain, and GPs should be aware of the perceived embarrassing nature of testicular symptoms. Examination skills are essential when considering the different causes of testicular pain. This article describes how to assess patients presenting with testicular pain in primary care, the different conditions causing testicular pain and when to refer to secondary care.