Abstract
Wind energy usage is increasing at fast rates due to significant technical advances, energy supply security and environmental concerns. Research is focusing among others areas on the development of reliable and accurate wind energy assessment methods. Offshore wind energy resources are usually larger than at geographically nearby onshore sites, which may offset in part higher installation, operation, and maintenance costs. Successful offshore wind energy development relies on accurate analysis and assessment of wind energy resource potential. Offshore wind assessment challenges are related to the wind turbine size, offshore installation challenges, lack of adequate and long-term wind and meteorological measurements, etc. Wind, a highly intermittent phenomenon has large spatiotemporal variability, being subject to sub-hourly, hourly, diurnal, seasonal, yearly, and climate variations in addition to their dependence on the geography and environment. Wind regime characteristics are critical to all aspect of a wind energy project, e.g. potential site identification, economic viability, equipment design, operation, management, or wind farm impacts on the electric grid. For a reliable wind energy assessment, measurements at rotor heights are required at least for one year. If such measurements are not available needs to be substituted by alternative approaches, e.g. measure-correlate-predict or numerical methods. Chapter objectives are to provide the reader with comprehensive reviews of the wind energy assessment and analysis methods.
Highlights
Wind power is viewed as one of the most techno-economically viable renewable energy sources for electricity generation
Wind energy resource assessment enters into the several project development phases: (1) suitable wind energy site prospecting, (2) site mapping and wind farm design, (3) wind turbine micro-siting, (4) risk assessment and performance analysis, (5) permitting and tower certification, and (6) wind farm operation and management [1–21]
Major activities in a site selection are accurately determining the wind energy potential at the candidate site, turbulence levels and the resulting wind loads at the wind farm site. Such activities are critical for selecting site optimum wind turbines and to predicting the life cycle cost of the project, higher wind loads usually implying higher costs
Summary
Wind power is viewed as one of the most techno-economically viable renewable energy sources for electricity generation. Key measures of wind power plant performance include annual energy production, cost of energy, and payback period Both parametric and nonparametric uncertainty models are formulated, which can be leveraged in conjunction with a wide variety of wind velocity distribution models [2–14]. Given the field campaign limited time span, it is often needed to extrapolate wind time series to periods of at least 5 years to better predict the long-term average energy yield For this purpose, the measure-correlatepredict (MCP) methods are still the most used methods. Major activities in a site selection are accurately determining the wind energy potential at the candidate site, turbulence levels and the resulting wind loads at the wind farm site Such activities are critical for selecting site optimum wind turbines and to predicting the life cycle cost of the project, higher wind loads usually implying higher costs. Other wind energy site selection criteria include, but not limited local geography, distance to electric grid connections, permitting, and site accessibility
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