Assessment and amelioration of hyperacusis in tinnitus patients

Abstract

ConclusionsTinnitus can be bothersome even without hyperacusis. The good correlation found in this study between the multiple-activity scale for hyperacusis (MASH) score and the overall annoyance of hyperacusis score supports the reliability of self-rating of hyperacusis.ObjectivesA prospective study was undertaken to investigate the relationships between hyperacusis and tinnitus and to determine whether hyperacusis can be rapidly controlled over time.Material and methodsAll tinnitus patients seen over a period of 16 months with surnames beginning with the letters A–L (n=249) were assessed during a structured interview using (i) a scale ranging from 0 to 10 for assessing the annoyance of tinnitus and the overall annoyance of hyperacusis and (ii) the newly introduced MASH.ResultsThe annoyance of tinnitus was greater in females. The prevalence of hyperacusis was high (79%). The annoyance of hyperacusis varied. Patients were categorized into five groups according to the hyperacusis annoyance score, as follows: no hyperacusis; mild hyperacusis (≤3); moderate hyperacusis (3.1–5.0); substantial hyperacusis (5.1–7.0); and severe hyperacusis (≥7.1). Individuals with severe hyperacusis were younger than those in the other groups. The correlation between the annoyance of tinnitus and the annoyance of hyperacusis was poor (r=0.35). No audiometric difference was found between categories, whereas self-rated hearing deficiency increased with the annoyance of hyperacusis. A good correlation (r=0.89) was found between the overall annoyance of hyperacusis and the MASH score. Changes over time, assessed in 32 patients investigated at least 3 times, showed more frequent improvement in hyperacusis (63%) than tinnitus (47%).