Abstract
Abstract Maintaining yield stability in the African yam bean (AYB) (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) under year-to-year variability is crucial to its sustained productivity. Exploring yield stability in crops is vital in identifying how stable and consistent the yield of such crops is. Cultivation of AYB, an underutilized traditional legume in a specific environment, will further popularize the crop and enhance the acceptance as a cheap protein source thereby reducing hunger and malnutrition especially in regions where climate change has negatively affected legume crop production. Field trials were carried out to study the performance of 23 AYB genotypes in four-year environments. Two seeds of each genotype were sown in a single 5 m row plot spaced at 1 m between and within rows; the trial was conducted during the cropping season of 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 and was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. At harvesting, five plants from each row were separately harvested; seeds of all the sampled plants in each plot were bulked and weighed, and the seed yield per plant was then determined. A combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to test for the significance of genotypes, year, and genotype by year interaction. Before combined ANOVA, a test for homogeneity of residual variances was performed using Bartlet’s test; stability of the genotypes over the years was ascertained numerically and graphically using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction and Genotype X Genotype X Environment interaction (GGE) biplot analyses. Rainfall distribution between 680 and 1,700 mm with an average temperature of 28.50°C under sandy-clay soil type supported high and stable seed yield production in AYB. This environment was found adequate during the 2014 (E1) growing season. Genotypes TSs118, TSs12, TSs109, TSs148, TSs5, TSs61, and TSs69 produced an above-average mean yield across the years and were found to be productive and stable in all the year environments. TSs82 and TSs6 with above-average mean seed and tuber yield can be considered for cultivation where seed and tuber dual-purpose production is to be maximized, while TSs111, TSs49, and TSs96 with high tuber yield ranking above average total tuber yield can be further enhanced for tuber production.
Highlights
Achieving yield stability under increased year-to-year yield variation is an important breeding goal for indigenous legumes as their relevance for food security is becoming more prominent in Africa (Thiyagu et al 2012)
The analysis revealed significant variations among the genotypes and years, which in turn explained a considerable degree of variation which can be exploited when selecting genotypes for specific environmental conditions
From the AMMI analysis model, the fact that the yield pattern of each genotype accounted for a higher percentage of the G × E sum of square (SS) indicates that there is considerable selectivity pattern in the model using IPCA axis scores arising from individual genotype yield performance
Summary
Achieving yield stability under increased year-to-year yield variation is an important breeding goal for indigenous legumes as their relevance for food security is becoming more prominent in Africa (Thiyagu et al 2012). AYB contributes to soil fertility improvement through atmospheric nitrogen fixation (Assefa and Kleiner 1997) Despite these advantages in recent years, the total acreage for AYB production is on a constant declining trend, leading to low productivity (Linneman 1995; Aremu and Ibirinde 2012; Arogundade et al 2016) when compared with other grain legumes. This is ascribed to yield instability, in AYB producing areas, characterized by high interannual yield variability (Sood et al 2011). When comparing these genetic materials, their interaction with the environment is often expected to a certain degree
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