Abstract
ABSTRACT Small urban watersheds are susceptible to external influences, facing increased solute inputs during high-flow periods without sufficient dilution. This study determined the sources of major ions in the Chaobai River, which is the essential surface water source of North China. The dominant river water type was HCO3-Ca·Mg based on the Piper diagram. PCA and ion ratios revealed that natural weathering (evaporate dissolution, carbonate, and silicate weathering by carbonic and sulfuric acid) and anthropogenic activities (urban domestic sewage and industrial effluent) were the dominant factors affecting the chemical composition. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (Na%), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) assessments indicated potential sodium and moderate salinity hazards. Meanwhile, the non-carcinogenic health risks of riverine solutes evaluated by health risk assessment need to be noticed, particularly for children. The limitation of urban sewage discharge is crucial for improving water quality in urban watershed and needs further studies.
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