Abstract
Precisely measuring tumor-associated alterations in metabolism clinically will enable the efficient assessment of therapeutic responses. Advances in imaging technologies can exploit the differences in cancer-associated cell metabolism as compared to normal tissue metabolism, linking changes in target metabolism to therapeutic efficacy. Metabolic imaging by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) employing 2-fluoro-deoxy-glucose ([18F]FDG) has been used as a routine diagnostic tool in the clinic. Recently developed hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance (HP-MR), which radically increases the sensitivity of conventional MRI, has created a renewed interest in functional and metabolic imaging. The successful translation of this technique to the clinic was achieved recently with measurements of 13C-pyruvate metabolism. Here, we review the potential clinical roles for metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized MRI as applied in assessing therapeutic intervention in different cancer systems.
Highlights
Aberrant metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer [1]
We have recently reported in vivo differences in pyruvate to lactate conversion between specific human prostate cancer cell lines [29] and prostate patient-derived xenografts (PDX) [30]
Cancer immunotherapy is employed by blocking the multiple negative regulatory proteins of T-cell activation known as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and programmed death 1 (PD1) [66]
Summary
Aberrant metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer [1]. Cancer cells reprogram metabolism to sustain rapid proliferation and survival. Scans.[[18F]FDG-PET is the most widely used metabolic imaging technique in in the the clinic clinic for fortumor tumor staging staging and andassessment assessment of of treatment treatment response response to to date date[3]. This is is the the first first approved imaging technology that integrates biologic and anatomic factors in clinical assessments. There is a pressing need to develop noninvasive, nonradioactive imaging techniques for cancer diagnosis and monitoring tumor treatment response in the clinic for the appropriate selection of diagnosis and monitoring tumor treatment response in the clinic for the appropriate selection of effective therapies.
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