Abstract
Assessing the Toxic Levels in Parenting Behavior and Coping Strategies Implemented During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Highlights
Parenting is a process of care that is applied by parents throughout the child's development
The survey results show that several factors can trigger parenting stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely worsening economic conditions, delinquent children, excessive anxiety, accumulated daily hassles, growing family demands, and disputes with spouses
The results showed that 97.79% of respondents from Banjarmasin and 95.29% from Yogyakarta showed a low toxic level
Summary
Parenting is a process of care that is applied by parents throughout the child's development. Belsky's (2005) model suggests three factors that influence parenting skills, namely individual parent factors, individual child factors, and environmental factors. Parental factors such as personality symptoms and psychopathology; individual child factors such as temperament, developmental delay and disability; and environmental factors, such as social context, social support, parental relationships, parental professions, as well as ancestral pasts. These factors can have an impact on the child's development directly or indirectly. There is much research that reveals that authoritative positive parenting and harmonious relationships built by parents with their children are very beneficial and influential for children in dealing with and managing the stress they will face in each phase of development (Badanes et al, 2012; Mortensen & Barnet, 2020)
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