Abstract

Fine art photography, paper documents, and other parts of printing that aim to keep value are searching for credible techniques and mediums suitable for long-term archiving purposes. In general, long-lasting pigment-based inks are used for archival print creation. However, they are very often replaced or forged by dye-based inks, with lower fade resistance and, therefore, lower archiving potential. Frequently, the difference between the dye- and pigment-based prints is hard to uncover. Finding a simple tool for countrified identification is, therefore, necessary. This paper assesses the spectral characteristics of dye- and pigment-based ink prints using visible near-infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging. The main aim is to show the spectral differences between these ink prints using a hyperspectral camera and subsequent hyperspectral image processing. Two diverse printers were exploited for comparison, a hobby dye-based EPSON L1800 and a professional pigment-based EPSON SC-P9500. The identical prints created via these printers on three different types of photo paper were recaptured by the hyperspectral camera. The acquired pixel values were studied in terms of spectral characteristics and principal component analysis (PCA). In addition, the obtained spectral differences were quantified by the selected spectral metrics. The possible usage for print forgery detection via VNIR hyperspectral imaging is discussed in the results.

Highlights

  • This paper focuses on the visible near-infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) assessment of dye- and pigment-based prints, their spectral comparison, and the quantification of their spectral differences

  • Only the blank photo papers were captured by the VNIR HS camera as a first step

  • This paper presented the assessment of the spectral characteristics of dye- and pigmentbased inkjet prints via VNIR HSI

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Summary

Introduction

There is a vast range of scientific and industrial fields where hyperspectral imaging (HSI) finds its usage. Among those fields, plant [1] and soil [2] monitoring, agriculture [3], medicine [4,5], food analysis [6], remote sensing [7], forensics [8,9,10], or cultural heritage [11] can be counted. There are HSI applications in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) 1–3 μm [12], mid-wave infrared (MWIR) 3–5 μm [13], and long-wave infrared (LWIR) 8–14 μm [14]

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