Abstract
A relatively young Olympic discipline, judo is characterised by spectacularity, combative spirit and complexity in the execution of specific techniques. The technical training model and reaching the sports shape are the main objectives in the preparation of performance judo athletes. Maximal and supramaximal demands in modern competitions, which are determined by the specific biomechanics of technical actions, require the adaptation of athletes to supramaximal effort and the continuous increase of their exercise capacity. This paper aims to determine the relationship between the specific factors of aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity in senior performance judo athletes participating in national and international competitions. The research subjects are performance and high-performance male and female athletes aged 19 to 21 years, members of the Romanian Judo Federation. To conduct the research, general and specific methods of assessing and developing aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity are used. The assessment of subjects in the three training mesocycles was based on lactacidaemia, glycaemia and laboratory spectrophotometry as methods of determining their anaerobic adaptation. To assess their specific anaerobic capacity, methods of determining blood lactate and laboratory spectrophotometry are used. Aerobic capacity is determined by spirometry and digitised pulse oximetry methods. Maximum oxygen consumption, blood haemoglobin and pulse oxygen levels are graphically represented and interpreted, together with the comparative calorimetric and thermographic assessment of the tested subjects. The research findings highlight the importance of assessing aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity in the training of performance judo athletes through modern assessment and analysis methods.
Highlights
Studies conducted by most authors demonstrate the growing importance of performance capacity for judo athletes as a key factor in reaching maximum levels of competitive performance and adaptation (Abernethy et al, 1990)
The increase in oxygen saturation recorded at the end of the research supports the adaptation to high-intensity effort, which is demonstrated by the simultaneous increase in haemoglobin levels
Aerobic capacity, through the values recorded for oxygen consumption (VO2), demonstrates an average level of development compared to the results recorded by high-performance judo athletes (Schumann & Rønnestad, 2019)
Summary
Studies conducted by most authors demonstrate the growing importance of performance capacity for judo athletes as a key factor in reaching maximum levels of competitive performance and adaptation (Abernethy et al, 1990). Since its establishment as an Olympic discipline, judo has undergone numerous changes in competition regulations and organization, which has required judo athletes to permanently adapt to different technical, tactical and psychomotor demands. The high level of adaptation and performance is the consequence of a constant increase in aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity, and of permanently improved control and assessment methods (Murărețu et al, 2016). The relationship between aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity within the structure of judo-specific demands is considered a major theme in the training process due to the importance of volume and intensity as fundamental factors of training, the relevance of the researched topic being highlighted by numerous authors who place different emphasis on the two types of adaptive capacity for judo athletes. Due to the increased intensity of combat actions, important adaptations have occurred in the neuromuscular and circulatory systems of judo athletes
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