Abstract
Solar elastosis is associated with a diffuse yellow hue of the skin. Photoaging is related to lipid peroxidation leading to the formation of carbonyl groups. Protein carbonylation can occur by addition of reactive aldehydes, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-nonenal (4-HNE), and acrolein. All the proteins concerned with this modification, and the biological consequences of adduct formation, are not completely identified. The link between yellowish skin and dermal carbonylated proteins induced by aldehyde adducts was investigated. The study was carried out on ex vivo skin samples from sun-exposed or sun-protected areas and on in vitro dermal equivalent models incubated with 5 mM MDA, 4-HNE, or acrolein. The yellow color and the level of MDA, 4-HNE, and acrolein adducts were evaluated. Yellowish color differences were detected in the dermis of sun-exposed skin compared to sun-protected skin and in in vitro models following addition of MDA, 4-HNE, or acrolein. The yellowing was correlated with the carbonyl adducts increasing in the dermis and in in vitro models incubated with aldehydes. The stronger yellowing seemed to be mediated more by MDA than 4-HNE and acrolein. These observations suggest that dermal carbonylation especially induced by MDA result in the yellow hue of dermis and is involved, in part, in the yellowing observed during skin photoaging.
Highlights
Skin photoaging is an accelerated aging mechanism that results from exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation leading to hypertrophic skin, deep wrinkles, loss of skin elasticity, a leathery skin, and a yellow discoloration [1]
Yellowing of the Dermis Is Increased on Photo-Exposed Skin type from I to III
In order to avoid any differences in the b* parameter between skin samFirst, awe choose skin samples sun-exposed and sun-protected with areflecting similar phototype ples from pigmented epidermis, the individual typology angle (ITA)
Summary
Skin photoaging is an accelerated aging mechanism that results from exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation leading to hypertrophic skin, deep wrinkles, loss of skin elasticity, a leathery skin, and a yellow discoloration [1] This skin yellowness is described on photodamaged skin sites as well as on several skin disorders, involving alteration of the elastic tissue [2]. Reactive oxygen species can oxidize membrane lipids, generating lipid hydroperoxides and many aldehydes such as malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-nonenal (4-HNE), and acrolein (Figure 1). These aldehydes can form into carbonyl groups on lysine, histidine, and cysteine of proteins resulting in modified proteins called adducts or ALE (Advanced Lipoxidation End-products) [5].
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