Abstract
AbstractThe Lagos Lagoon is under increased pressure from growth in human population, growing demands for natural resources, human activities, and socioeconomic factors. The degree of these activities and the impacts are directly proportional to urban expansion and growth. In the light of this situation, the objectives of this study were: (i) to estimate through satellite imagery analysis the extent of changes in the Lagos Lagoon environment for the periods 1984, 2002, 2013 and 2019 using Landsat-derived data on land cover, Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI); and (ii) to evaluate the relationship between the derived data and determine their relative influence on the lagoon environment. The derived data were subjected to descriptive statistics, and relationships were explored using Pearson's correlation and regression analysis. The effect of land cover on LST was measured using the Contribution Index and a trend analysis was carried out. From the results, the mean LSTs for the four years were 22.68°C (1984), 24.34°C (2002), 26.46°C (2013) and 28.40°C (2019). Generally, the mean LSTs is in opposite trend with the mean NDVIs and EVIs as associated with their dominant land cover type. The strongest positive correlations were observed between NDVI and EVI while NDVI had the closest fit with LST in the regression. Built-up areas have the highest contributions to LST while vegetation had a cooling influence. The depletion in vegetative cover has compromised the biodiversity of this environment and efforts are required to reverse this trend.
Highlights
Lagoons are located on the coastal shore and are environmentally resourceful as a result of their biodiversity (Panda, Mohanty 2008)
The strongest positive correlations were observed between Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) while NDVI had the closest fit with Land Surface Temperature (LST) in the regression
The results from this study reveal wide spatial variability in the Lagos Lagoon environment, the system has changed considerably from an environment dominated by natural vegetation of about 74.05% of the study area in 1984 suddenly to 52.32% in 2019
Summary
Lagoons are located on the coastal shore and are environmentally resourceful as a result of their biodiversity (Panda, Mohanty 2008). The lagoon wetlands, wherever they exist, are useful for their numerous economic contributions to coastal dynamic balance and biological diversity They support numerous natural services and functions freely delivered by the ecosystem and human habitats which are highly valued by society. Especially across the developing countries, are under increased pressure by human population growth, changing lifestyles, growing demands for natural resources and socio-economic factors (Panigrahi et al 2007, Kolios, Stylios 2013). It has become a trend in a geometrical progression that population increases along with rural or urban activities around coastal lagoons. Remote sensing provides a resolution that is indispensable for the sustainable management of the landscape of coastal ecosystems to mitigate irreparable degradation caused by anthropogenic activities as a result of the misuse of natural resources (Adegun et al 2015, Ajibola et al 2012, 2016)
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