Abstract
BackgroundSelf-efficacy is a significant predictor of return to work and affects the confidence of survivors to return to work after illness. The Return-to-work self-efficacy (RTW-SE) questionnaire is a self-report questionnaire to assess confidence in returning to work with good reliability and validity. The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the RTW-SE questionnaire into Chinese and examine the psychometric properties among young and middle-aged stroke survivors using Rasch model analysis.MethodsThe cross-cultural adaptation and translation procedures followed a dual-translation approach. The psychometric properties of the RTW-SE questionnaire were examined using Rasch model analysis by Winsteps software. The unidimensionality and local independence were analyzed by principal component analysis of the residuals (PCAR) and standardized residual correlations.Category diagnostics were performed for scale function, and the item fit, reliability, and separation were also validated. Item-person maps were used to examine the distribution and matching of item’s location and person ability. Finally, the differential item functioning (DIF) was used to measure gender-related group equivalence.ResultsA total of 366 participants aged 23–59 years were recruited from three communities in Zhengzhou. The RTW-SE questionnaire demonstrated unidimensionality and a 5-point Likert rating scale was more appropriate to investigate young and middle-aged stroke survivors’self-efficacy. There was a good fit for the items with both person and item reliabilities greater than 0.8 and separation indices of 3.75 and 3.94, respectively. The item location was identified from the item-person map as not covering person ability, but the scale did not have an age-related DIF.ConclusionsThe results confirm evidence of appropriate psychometric properties of the RTW-SE questionnaire and can be used as a reliable and validated instrument for measuring self-efficacy to return to work in young and middle-aged Chinese patients with stroke.
Highlights
Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide and the economic costs of post-stroke care are substantial
Five cases of middle-aged and young stroke patients were selected for cognitive interviews and 30 patients were pilot testinged to obtain feedback and understanding, and the Chinese version of the Return-to-work self-efficacy (RTW-Standard errors (SE)) questionnaire was developed after modification by comments from various parties
Translation and adaptation of RTW‐SE The English back-translated version of the scale is very consistent with the original version, and the original author states that "finish" refers to the completion of a task, which is different from the concept of "perform"
Summary
Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide and the economic costs of post-stroke care are substantial. The inability to return to work has adverse effects on quality of life and leads to loss of economic productivity [6, 7], and return to work is an important sign of recovery and return to normal life. A variety of factors influence the return to work of stroke survivors,, involving individuals, families, society and other aspects. The self-efficacy plays an important role in the return to work [8, 9]. Self-efficacy is a significant predictor of return to work and affects the confidence of survivors to return to work after illness. The Return-to-work self-efficacy (RTW-SE) questionnaire is a self-report questionnaire to assess confidence in returning to work with good reliability and validity. The aim of this study was to translate and crossculturally adapt the RTW-SE questionnaire into Chinese and examine the psychometric properties among young and middle-aged stroke survivors using Rasch model analysis
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