Assessing the potential delivery of ecosystem services by farmlands under contrasting management intensities

Ana Buchadas,Angela Lomba,José Lima Santos,Francisco Moreira,Davy Mccracken

doi:10.5751/es-12947-270105

Abstract

Farming systems under contrasting management practices can contribute differently to the delivery of bundles of ecosystem services (ES) in agricultural landscapes. Low intensity farming systems, such as High Nature Value farmlands, are expected to deliver a wider range of ES, whereas landscapes under more intensive management are expected to deliver mainly provisioning services. Understanding the management practices associated with desirable outcomes in terms of biodiversity and ES in agricultural landscapes is needed. Our research aimed to understand the links between the delivery of ES bundles associated with agricultural landscapes, and their socio-ecological drivers, using a region in northern Portugal as a case study. Based on publicly available data on ecosystems services and drivers, we analyzed ES associations, delineated ES bundles, and investigated their relationship with socio-ecological drivers. Overall, our results suggested spatial trade-offs between landscapes delivering provisioning services of high economic value, and landscapes delivering a more balanced set of multiple ES. Bundle analysis highlighted an association between higher landscape multifunctionality and higher values of landscape complexity, higher number of farmers, and farm sizes. Our results reflected the complexity of social and ecological factors operating at the landscape level, pinpointed landscapes with higher multifunctionality and disclosed the conditions underlying their occurrence. The results also highlighted the importance of low-intensity farming systems, namely those supporting High Nature Value farmlands, for the delivery of a wider range of ES at the landscape scale.

Highlights

Farming systems occurring in agricultural landscapes drive the delivery of key ecosystem services (ES) e.g., food provision, pollination, or touristic value (Bignal and McCracken 1996, Power 2010, Halada et al 2011, DeClerck et al 2016, Wood et al 2018)
This work identified regions that provide a more multifunctional supply of ES, e.g., complex and less intensified High Nature Value farmlands (HNVf) landscapes, and the potential ES synergies and trade-offs occurring at the regional level
It demonstrated the spatial trade-offs occurring within this region, where the former multifunctional landscapes tradeoff with highly specialized farming system landscapes producing provisioning services

Summary

Introduction

Farming systems occurring in agricultural landscapes drive the delivery of key ecosystem services (ES) e.g., food provision, pollination, or touristic value (Bignal and McCracken 1996, Power 2010, Halada et al 2011, DeClerck et al 2016, Wood et al 2018). Intensively managed farming systems deliver mostly provisioning services (e.g., food and fiber), while low-intensity farming systems can support a wider range of ES and high levels of biodiversity (Foley et al 2005, Swinton et al 2007, Power 2010, Rockström et al 2017). To better manage agricultural landscapes, it is essential to understand the relationship between contrasting farmland practices, resulting landscape patterns and biodiversity, and ES delivery

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Conclusion