Abstract
BackgroundRecently, extensive research has been reported the higher rate of depression and anxiety among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) as compared to the general population. However, no single study has been carried out to investigate whether this disparity is a real difference or it happens due to lack of measurement invariance. This study aims to assess the measurement invariance of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) questionnaires across PLWHAs and healthy individuals.MethodsOne hundred and fifty PLWHAs and 500 healthy individuals filled out the Persian version of the BAI and CESD-10 questionnaires. Multi-group multiple-indicators multiple-causes model (MG-MIMIC) was used to assess measurement invariance across PLWHAs and healthy people.ResultsOur findings revealed that PLWHAs and healthy individuals perceived the meaning of all the items in the BAI and CESD-10 questionnaires similarly. In addition, although depression scores were significantly higher in PLWHAs as opposed to the healthy individuals, no significant difference was observed in anxiety scores of these two groups.ConclusionsThe current study suggests that the BAI and CESD-10 are invariant measures across PLWHAs and healthy people which can be used for meaningful cross-group comparison. Therefore, in comparison to healthy individuals, higher depression score of PLWHAs is a real difference. It is highly recommended that health professionals develop therapeutic interventions and psychological supports to promote the mental health of PLWHAs which alleviate their depressive symptoms.
Highlights
Extensive research has been reported the higher rate of depression and anxiety among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) as compared to the general population
This study aims to evaluate the measurement invariance of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) instruments across PLWHAs and healthy population
The current study investigated the measurement invariance of the 10-Item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) and BAI across PLWHAs and healthy individuals, the issue which has never been investigated in the previous studies
Summary
Extensive research has been reported the higher rate of depression and anxiety among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) as compared to the general population. A growing body of literature has highlighted that people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) experience a wide variety of distressing events such as complicated therapeutic regimes, disease exacerbation, shortened life expectancy, presence of pain, poor social and family support, financial burden as well as fear of disclosure and stigma [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. This diversity in prevalence rates can be contributed to various populations of patients with HIV/AIDS in different studies, research settings and more importantly the methods and criteria used for the assessment and diagnosis of depression and anxiety
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