Abstract
The article presents the concepts of verbal intelligence as one of the main elements of a person’s cognitive abilities, as well as basic criteria for school readiness. The features of the theory of cognitive psychology, namely: the multiple intelligence of Howard Gardner, who identified eight basic types of intelligence (linguistic, interpersonal, existential, naturalistic, musical, bodily-kinaesthetic, visual-spatial, logical-mathematical), are highlighted. In a theoretical study, we have analysed the general meaning of the concept of intelligence from the point of view of cognitive psychology, and we specified it by outlining the main characteristics of multiple intelligence. We also conducted an analysis of the scientific works of specialists specializing in working with models of cognitive-speech activity and investigated the linguistic mind in preschool children. Not only a certain type of intellect is considered, but also all the others that were named by Gardner, their main aspects of influence on a personality are revealed, they appear even in preschool age. In the empirical part of the study, methods were used to diagnose the verbal level of intelligence of the basic element of cognitive abilities in preschool children. They are aimed at researching the ability to generalize and analyse verbal information, identifying the ability to classify objects according to common features, differentiate emotional states in the process of communication, and also establish the level of vocabulary of pre-schoolers. According to these indicators, 90 pre-schoolers were diagnosed, and their level of verbal intelligence was revealed. The paper identifies the main features, skills that a child possesses with a high average or low level of intelligence, correction methods, in order to improve low results.
Highlights
Understanding the need to change the goals and objectives of educational policy in the world indicates that the most important is the use of the intellectual potential of the individual in society, the development and implementation of a strategy for intensive knowledge acquisition
The methodology for assessing verbal intelligence in preschool children consists of a set of techniques and methods that are by far the most commonly used in cognitive psychology
The following methods and techniques of cognitive psychology were used to assess the level of verbal intelligence in children: 1. The methodology of mental development - subtest IV - is aimed at identifying the ability to generalize and analyze verbal information
Summary
Understanding the need to change the goals and objectives of educational policy in the world indicates that the most important is the use of the intellectual potential of the individual in society, the development and implementation of a strategy for intensive knowledge acquisition. It is necessary to unite scientists and teachers to prepare a person who can integrate into the modern high-tech world of information and knowledge, since the main engine of progress now is the integrated approach “science - technology - innovation”, and a modern specialist working in a particular field of activity, must possess valuable knowledge and the ability to apply them. There is an extremely high importance of one of the types of intelligence for the successful growth and development of a child, because knowing the features of your baby is much easier to promote harmonious learning and help him realize himself in a field that will be truly fascinating and useful for him. The famous American psychologist Howard Gardner - the author of the theory, at this stage in the development of science is considered classical - the theory of multiple intelligence, according to which a person does not have a single "general" intelligence, but combines various skills that can exist independently of each other
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