Abstract
The purpose of the article is to assess the involvement of industries in global value chains and determine the prospects for intensification of these processes. The research methods are statistical analysis, comparison, graphical analysis. The role of export volumes of high value-added products, their enclosing in global value chains is determined. A methodical approach to assessing the involvement of industries in global value chains is proposed, allowing to detect the state of the country’s involvement in the international distribution of labour in concordance with specific industries. The analysis of the structure of exports of industries on the example of Ukraine is carried out. the industries that have a significant export share both in the total exports and in the structure of production output are determined. The leading indicators of the country’s involvement in global value chains are computed, as follows: the national added value in the country’s exports by industries, the contribution of specific industry sectors of the economy to the national added value of gross exports, the share of the national added value in exports of industries in the total national added value of gross exports. The positioning of industries within the coordinate system «share in the export structure - share of the national added value in exports» is carried out. It is determined that the share of national added value in exports of extractive industries of Ukraine is higher compared to the average of the world countries in this research. At the same time, being lower in the industries of the manufacturing industry, thus justifying the virtual absence of knowledge-intensive and innovative stages of production of the manufacturing industry, which necessitates a deeper specialization in the exports of low-grade products. The directions of a rational integration of the Ukrainian economy into global value chains are substantiated. The measures to be assumed on the part of the government policy to intensify the involvement of Ukrainian producers in global value chains are proposed.
Highlights
Under the current conditions, in the profound development of globalization processes, the role of foreign trade increases due to the consideration of the national economy as not a separate economic system but a system complex of interrelations of economic entities in the worldwide market [1]
It should be noted that high-tech industries – production of computers, electronic and optical products, and essential pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations have a small share in the export structure
The study of the share of exports in the production of the individual industry sectors, agriculture, forestry and fisheries has shown that the most significant share is held by the exports in metallurgical production (63.57%), the production of electrical equipment holds the second place (60.45%), the production of machinery and equipment – the third place (59.65%), according to the data of the year 2018
Summary
In the profound development of globalization processes, the role of foreign trade increases due to the consideration of the national economy as not a separate economic system but a system complex of interrelations of economic entities in the worldwide market [1]. The latest trends in the development of world trade are characterized by the increasing influence of internationalization and fragmentation of production on the growth of interdependence of countries within global value chains [2]. This causes the long-term socio-economic development of the country to be conditional on the integration of the country's industries into the global economy, the volumes of exports of products with high added value, and their enclosure in global value chains. The demand for statistical information concerning international trade-in valueadded caused the creation in 2013 of an appropriate database (TiVA) by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in cooperation with the World Trade Organization (WTO). The TiVA database contains 46 indicators for 64 countries (Ukraine is omitted therein) and for 34 sectors of industry and services
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