Assessing the impacts of skin mucus from Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus mykiss on the growth and in vitro infectivity of the fish pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis.

Abstract

Piscirickettsiosis is a fish disease caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium, Piscirickettsia salmonis. Even though entry routes of P.salmonis in fish are not fully clear yet, the skin seems to be the main portal in some salmonid species. Despite the importance of fish mucous skin barrier in fighting waterborne pathogens, the interaction between salmonid skin mucus and the bacterium is unknown. This study seeks to determine the in vitro changes in the growth of two Chilean P.salmonis strains (LF-89-like and EM-90-like genotypes) and the type strain LF-89T under exposures to skin mucus from Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus mykiss, as well as changes in the cytotoxic effect of P.salmonis on the SHK-1 cells following exposures. The results suggest that the growth of three P.salmonis strains was not significantly negatively affected under exposures to skin mucus (adjusted at 100μg total protein ml-1 ) of O.mykiss (69±18U lysozyme ml-1 ) and S.salar (48±33U lysozyme ml-1 ) over time. However, the cytotoxic effect of P.salmonis, pre-exposed to salmonid skin mucus, on the SHK-1 cell line was reliably identified only towards the end of the incubation period, suggesting that the mucus had a delaying effect on the cytotoxic response of the cell line to the bacterium. These results represent a baseline knowledge to open new avenues of research intended to understand how P.salmonis faces the fish mucous skin barrier.