Abstract
Abstract : Independent Research and Development (IR&D) is research and development initiated and conducted by industry. IR&D is viewed by industry as essential to advance technology, develop new and improved products, and develop new business. Since the late 1930s, IR&D carried out by firms developing and producing defense systems has been recognized by the U.S. government as a necessary cost of defense business and at least some percentage of this cost has been reimbursed by the government. What percentage is to be reimbursed, how that percentage is determined, and what type work is to be reimbursed have all been matters of debate. The Department of Defense (DoD) IR&D Program is a vital element in the DoD's overall research and development effort aimed at ensuring U.S. forces continue to have a technological edge over any future foe. In FY 1995, reported reimbursable IR&D and Bid and Proposal (B&P) was about 12 percent of the overall DoD research and development budget. These funds enable industry to explore new technologies and next generation products.
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