Assessing the Impact of Oil Types and Grades on Tocopherol and Tocotrienol Contents in Vegetable Oils with Chemometric Methods.

Yunqi Wen,Xiaoming Jiang,Zihao Wei,Lili Xu,Changhu Xue

doi:10.3390/molecules25215076

Abstract

The consumption of vegetable oil is an important way for the body to obtain tocols. However, the impact of oil types and grades on the tocopherol and tocotrienol contents in vegetable oils is unclear. In this study, nine types of traditional edible oils and ten types of self-produced new types of vegetable oil were used to analyze eight kinds of tocols. The results showed that the oil types exerted a great impact on the tocol content of traditional edible oils. Soybean oils, corn oils, and rapeseed oils all could be well distinguished from sunflower oils. Both sunflower oils and cotton seed oils showed major differences from camellia oils as well as sesame oils. Among them, rice bran oils contained the most abundant types of tocols. New types of oil, especially sacha inchi oil, have provided a new approach to obtaining oils with a high tocol content. Oil refinement leads to the loss of tocols in vegetable oil, and the degree of oil refinement determines the oil grade. However, the oil grade could not imply the final tocol content in oil from market. This study could be beneficial for the oil industry and dietary nutrition.

Highlights

Tocopherols and tocotrienols, collectively referred to as tocols or vitamin E, are a family of naturally occurring fat-soluble compounds, which include eight members (α, β, γ, and δ-tocopherol (T); α, β, γ, and δ-tocotrienol (T3)) [1]
According to the score values of PC1, soybean oils, corn oils, and rapeseed oils could be all well distinguished from sunflower oils
The oil type exerted a great impact on the tocol content of traditional edible oils

Summary

Introduction

Tocopherols and tocotrienols, collectively referred to as tocols or vitamin E, are a family of naturally occurring fat-soluble compounds, which include eight members (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol (T); α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocotrienol (T3)) [1]. Tocols consist of two primary parts: the chromanol ring and the hydrophobic side chain. The hydrophobic side chains of four tocopherols are saturated isoprenoid side chains, and four tocotrienols are isoprenyl side chains with three double bonds [2,3]. The chromanol ring is able to donate a hydrogen atom to reduce free radicals, and the hydrophobic side chain allows the molecule to penetrate into biological membranes [4]. Tocols can limit lipid peroxidation in cell membranes and scavenging reactive oxygen species and protect tissues from consequent oxidative damage. Tocotrienols are reported to be superior to tocopherols in the prevention and treatment of major chronic diseases, as their unsaturated chain facilitating cell penetration is highly antioxidative [10]. Γ-T, compared with α-T, is more capable of trapping electrophiles and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) during inflammation [12]

Methods

Results

Conclusion