Abstract
Despite the increased risks of cancers and cardiovascular related diseases, tobacco smoking continues to be prevalent in the population due largely in part to the addictive nature of nicotine. Nicotine vaccines are an attractive alternative to the current smoking cessation options but have yet to be successful enough in clinical trials to reach the market due to a lack of neutralizing antibodies and inconsistent results. Using AFPL1 derived from the Cuban meningococcal vaccine as an adjuvant, we have previously published promising results with an intranasally administered nicotine vaccine. In order to examine the immunogenicity and safety of this vaccine in mice we set up a pilot trial administering the vaccine either intranasally, intramuscularly or utilizing both routes simultaneously and evaluated immune responses and clinical symptoms throughout the duration of the vaccination protocol and post-mortem. These data further demonstrate the ability of the AFPL1 nicotine conjugate vaccine to be a safe and potential candidate for clinical use.
Highlights
Over the last 30 years the use of tobacco in Canada has decreased by approximately 20% [1]
As a continuation of our previously published data, we evaluated whether there was toxicity associated with the adjuvant Finlay proteoliposome 1 (AFPL1) conjugate nicotine vaccine in BALB/c mice and whether using a homologous or heterologous vaccination strategy would generate the best systemic and mucosal immune responses
We evaluated the amount of food (Fig 1B) and water (Fig 1C) consumed by the mice over the span of the vaccination protocol
Summary
Over the last 30 years the use of tobacco in Canada has decreased by approximately 20% [1]. Tobacco use continues to be a major contributor to increased risks of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Due to the addictive nature of nicotine, levels of success are moderate at best for people attempting to quit smoking tobacco when using traditional smoking cessation products and pharmacotherapeutics [2]. Immunotherapeutics, such as an anti-nicotine vaccine, present an interesting alternative to the current therapeutics that are available for smoking cessation.
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