Abstract
While low self-control is one of the strongest predictors of offending, scholars do not agree whether the theory is gendered or gender neutral. This study used hierarchal meta-analytic methods to take stock of the self-control literature, focusing specifically on all-male and all-female samples. The analysis included 1,282 effect size estimates (ESEs) nested in 244 individual studies which used 169 unique datasets. Moderator analyses examined potential differences depending on sample and offense characteristics, measurement of self-control, and included controls in multivariate models. While mean ESEs did not differ significantly for males and females, suggesting that the effect between self-control and offending is similar, once moderator analyses were conducted, differences emerged in female offense type and measurement. This suggests that while self-control can explain both male and female offending, there may be important gendered risk factors that are also influential.
Published Version
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