Assessing the Efficacy of Gene-Drive Technology in Reducing Malaria Transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa: Current Progress and Future Prospects

Abstract

Malaria continues to pose a significant public health challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa, necessitating innovative solutions to combat its transmission. This review examined the efficacy of gene-drive technology as a novel approach to reducing malaria transmission through genetic modifications of Anopheles mosquitoes. Utilizing a comprehensive literature review and analysis of experimental studies and pilot projects, we assessed the mechanisms of gene drives, including population suppression and replacement strategies. The findings indicated that gene-drive technology has the potential to significantly alter mosquito populations, thereby diminishing the burden of malaria. However, challenges such as ecological concerns, regulatory complexities, and public acceptance must be addressed for successful implementation. The integration of gene drives with existing malaria control measures, collaborative research efforts, and robust ethical governance is crucial for maximizing effectiveness and ensuring sustainable outcomes. Furthermore, monitoring and evaluation systems are essential for assessing the safety and efficacy of gene-drive initiatives. This review underscored the transformative potential of gene-drive technology in malaria prevention, advocating for continued dialogue among stakeholders to navigate the complexities associated with its application in Sub-Saharan Africa. Keywords: Gene-drive technology, Malaria transmission, Anopheles mosquitoes, Public health, Sub-Saharan Africa.