Abstract
Grifola frondosa is an economically important edible and medicinal mushroom usually produced on substrate consisting of sawdust supplemented with wheat bran. Cultivation of G. frondosa on crop straw (corn cob, corn straw, rice straw, and soybean straw) as a substrate was optimized by using the D-optimum method of the simplex-lattice design, and the alternative of crop straw as a substitute for sawdust in the substrate composition was determined by the optimized model. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation existing between the yield and corn cob. The growth cycle was negatively correlated with sawdust, corn cob and soybean straw, with sawdust significantly shortening the growth cycle of G. frondosa. The optimized high-yielding formula included 73.125% corn cob, 1.875% rice straw, 23% wheat bran and 2% light calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (C/N = 48.40). The average yield of the first flush was 134.72 ± 4.24 g/bag, which was increased by 39.97% compared with the control formula. The biological efficiency (BE) was 44.91 ± 1.41%, which was increased by 38.53% compared with the control. Based on the results of this study, corn cob can replace sawdust as one of the main cultivation substrates of G. frondosa.
Highlights
Grifola frondosa (Dicks.) Gray, named “Maitake” in Japan, is a rare edible and medicinal fungi mainly cultivated in China, Japan and Korea (Park et al 2015)
When combined with the interaction analysis, the results showed that mixing rice straw with the sawdust, corn cob, soybean straw or corn straw could significantly increase the growth cycle, and the life cycle increased with the increase of rice straw (Table 5)
Most edible fungi can be cultivated with agro-residues such as crop straws (Barreto et al 2008; Philippoussis 2009) either by composting or non-composting
Summary
Grifola frondosa (Dicks.) Gray, named “Maitake” in Japan, is a rare edible and medicinal fungi mainly cultivated in China, Japan and Korea (Park et al 2015). It has a high nutritional composition with compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and trace elements (Gu et al 2007; Illana-Esteban 2008; Montoya et al 2012). Grifola frondosa is a wood-rot fungus, which grows on standing and dead wood It acquires nutrients for growth and development by the degradation of lignocellulosic materials (Montoya et al 2012; Yang et al 2013a). Recent efforts concerning the protection of forest resources, together with the high demand and rising price of both sawdust and cottonseed hulls have posed a challenge to commercial cultivation of G. frondosa using sawdust
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