Assessing the effectiveness of community-based watershed management practices in reversing land degradation in the Finchwuha watershed, Gojjam, Ethiopia

Abstract

ABSTRACT Land degradation is an evident and severe environmental problem in Ethiopia. Since 2003 community-based watershed management has been implemented in the study area to reduce land degradation. This study aimed to investigate to what extent the community-based watershed management is effective in rehabilitating the land. Woody vegetative cover, land use/cover (LULC) change and soil erosion rate were selected variables to examine the effectiveness of the management measures. The LULC and woody vegetative cover spatial datasets were created from Landsat satellite images of 2003 and 2019 using ERDAS IMAGINE 2016® and ArcGIS10.8®. The soil loss rate was modelled using geoinformation techniques combined with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation. To assess the perception of farmers involved in the watershed rehabilitation activities, qualitative data were collected through Focus Group Discussions and Key Informant interviews. The results showed that the average annual soil loss rate in the study area was 49.5 tonnes (t)/hectare (ha−1)/year(y−1) in 2003 and 23.8 t ha−1y−1 in 2019, which is a 52% decrease over 16 years. Woody vegetative cover and grassland increased by 11% and 103%, respectively. These figures and respondents’ responses, Focus Group Discussants and Key Informants showed that the community-based watershed management measures implemented in the study area were effective for improving vegetation cover and reducing soil loss (reducing land degradation). The sustainability of these achievements is contingent on the availability of a robust local organizational set-up complemented by the provision of natural resources development technologies, capacity building and security of land tenure. In sum, the findings in the study lead to conclude that the active involvement of farmers in land management and security of land tenure are effective approaches to reverse land degradation in the highlands of Ethiopia.