Assessing the Economic Impact of Introducing Localised PV Solar Energy Generation and Energy Storage for Fleet Electrification

Abstract

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transport sector and their effect on air quality are now a major concern, and the electrification of road freight transport is seen as one potential solution. However, this presents a challenge with the increased electricity demand on a depot’s grid connection, and increased costs if this has to be upgraded. This study seeks to evaluate the impact on costs of introducing solar (PV) panels and a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) when a company electrifies its fleet, based on two different priorities. On one hand, avoiding the use of the grid at peak price periods at the expense of upgrading the power connection. On the other hand, avoiding any power connection upgrade at the expense of incurring excess capacity charges. These two priorities aim to represent real-life challenges that logistics and commercial companies are facing when it comes to fleet electrification. The choice of prioritising one over the other may be driven by operational requirements and/or technical constraints. For each approach, a different energy management algorithm is developed using MATLAB and Simulink. The results obtained suggest that there is more flexibility in cost reduction when the upgrade of the power connection is not an obstacle. If the upgrade of the power network is not an option, the installation of PV panels and a BESS must be implemented together with other strategies (i.e., smart charging) to make it an economic option.