Abstract
The heavy industry in India has witnessed rapid development in the past decades. This has increased the pressures and load on the Indian environment, and has also had a great impact on the world economy. In this study, the Preparatory Project Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer (NPP VIIRS) 375-m active fire product (VNP14IMG) and night-time light (NTL) data were used to study the spatiotemporal patterns of heavy industrial development in India. We employed an improved adaptive K-means algorithm to realize the spatial segmentation of long-term VNP14IMG data and artificial heat-source objects. Next, the initial heavy industry heat sources were distinguished from normal heat sources using a threshold recognition model. Finally, the maximum night-time light data were used to delineate the final heavy industry heat sources. The results suggest, that this modified method is a much more accurate and effective way of monitoring heavy industrial heat sources, and the accuracy of this detection model was higher than 92.7%. The number of main findings were concluded from the study: (1) the heavy industry heat sources are mainly concentrated in the north-east Assam state, east-central Jharkhand state, north Chhattisgarh and Odisha states, and the coastal areas of Gujarat and Maharashtra. Many heavy industrial heat sources were also found around a line from Kolkata on the Eastern Indian Ocean to Mumbai on the Western Indian Ocean. (2) The number of working heavy industry heat sources (NWH) and, particularly, the total number of fire hotspots for each working heavy industry heat source area (NFHWH) are continuing to increase in India. These trends mirror those for the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and total population of India between 2012 and 2017. (3) The largest values of NWH and NFHWH were in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha whereas the smallest negative values, the S l o p e _ N W H in Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh were also the two largest values in the whole country. The smallest negative values of S l o p e _ N W H and S l o p e _ N F H W H were in Haryana. The S l o p e _ N F H W H in the mainland Gujarat had the second most negative value, while the value of the S l o p e _ N W H was the third-highest positive value.
Highlights
Over the few past decades, India has become one of the world’s fastest-growing major economies and is considered a newly industrialized country [1]
Heavy industrial heat sources founded in regions 1, 2, and 3 were mainly connected to petroleum development, whereas in region 4, they were linked to coal mining and steel production
The type of the other 52 results cannot be curtained due to the lack of more field measured data. The accuracy of this detection model was higher than 92.7%
Summary
Over the few past decades, India has become one of the world’s fastest-growing major economies and is considered a newly industrialized country [1]. The amount of heavy industry, which is an important component of basic industry and provides technical equipment, power, and raw materials for all sectors of the national economy, has soared in India [2]. This industry effectively supports the economic development of the country. The India Coal-Fired Power Plant Database (ICPD) [8] is available for India These databases include a large amount of information that can be used for mining and strategic development in India. Traditional statistical methods usually involve a lot of human error; in addition, the real-time distribution of heavy industry in India is not available
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