Abstract
Indonesia grapples with land conversion, especially agricultural land. Paddy fields have shrunk from 8.4 million hectares in 1990 to 7.18 million in 2022, translating to a rate of more than 38 thousand hectares per year and yearly loss of around 140,000 hectares of potential rice production. This study aims to inform policymakers and stakeholders on achieving food security. Through a systematic literature review, the research explores factors like settlements, urbanization, and infrastructure development driving land conversion. These factors impact regions like Bali and Central Sumba, jeopardizing rice production. Understanding these challenges and opportunities is crucial for future solutions. Potential solutions include strengthening food security across the supply chain, regulating land conversion and ownership, and promoting government support, productivity enhancement, sustainable agriculture practices, and technological integration.
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