Assessing the coupling coordination dynamics between land use intensity and ecosystem services in Shanxi's coalfields, China

Abstract

The land use and cover changes (LUCC) caused by strong coal-mining activities and ecological restoration practices have seriously interfered with the ecosystem services (ESs) in the mining area. However, little attention has been paid to how to explore and improve the coordinated relationship between LUCC and ESs in mining areas. This study investigated the crucial relationship between ESs and land use intensity (LUI) in coal-mining areas, emphasizing the significance of understanding this interdependence for balanced human–land system development. Employing a coupling coordination degree (CCD) model, this research examined the evolving relationship across various reclamation stages of coalfields in Shanxi, China, spanning from 1986 to 2020. Additionally, stepwise and geographically weighted regressions were utilized to investigate the primary factors influencing CCD and their respective impacts. Notably, the comprehensive ecosystem service index (CESI) exhibited an upward trend between 1986 and 2020, whereas the LUI initially increased and subsequently declined during the reclamation stages. Moreover, the CCD between the LUI and CESI gradually evolved from mildly maladjusted to reluctant coordination throughout the various reclamation stages, gradually improved over time. Geographically, the region exhibited a coordinated level gradually expanded. Precipitation, slope, coal mining intensity, and industrial output emerged as primary CCD influencers. Coal mining intensity exerted negative impacts, whereas the impact of industrial output was minimal. Based on our findings, we recommend the timely and judicious reclamation of coalfields, taking into consideration the land's bearing capacity.