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Abstract
Pharmacies are the frontline of the pandemic and critical to maintaining public health. The emergence of COVID-19 brought unprecedented challenges and changes to all nations of the world. In the light of this, this study assessed the challenges of pharmaceutical practices in Nigeria during COVID-19. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and the data were collected from 1,200 respondents through the interview schedule and structured questionnaire using a systematic random sampling technique. A total of 1,118 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved, coded, and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics aided by the SPSS software version 23. The study discovered different factors that influenced the effective practice of pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study revealed that the majority, 591(52.9%) of the pharmacists, encountered difficulties on the road with security personnel while on essential duty and also found it ‘somewhat difficult to work during the pandemic. The results of Factor Analysis grouped the major challenges into material and financial constraints. The results showed two orthogonal factors pharmaceutical practices, which were derived with the total explanation of 65.35% of the variance. Only variables with constraints loadings of 0.70 and above were used in naming the constraints. The material constraint has the greatest impact on effective practices of pharmacists to provide treatment for illnesses during COVID-19 with a 44.16% contribution. There is a need for government and institution supports for better and effective pharmaceutical practices before, during, and after any sort of pandemic, especially in drugs supplies and financial assistance. Keywords: Assessment, Challenges, COVID-19 Pandemic, Pharmaceutical Practices, Nigeria.
Highlights
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), declared and recognized as a global health emergence and a global pandemic by [1-3], is a communicable disease caused by the newly discovered Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
The results showed two orthogonal factors in the challenges faced by pharmaceutical practices in the study area, which were derived with the total explanation of 65.35% of the variance
Findings of this study revealed that pharmacists encountered difficulties on the road with security personnel while on essential duty, and only 8.1% of the respondents indicated that it was very difficult for them to work during the COVID-19 pandemic
Summary
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), declared and recognized as a global health emergence and a global pandemic by [1-3], is a communicable disease caused by the newly discovered Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 pandemic was primarily discovered in Wuhan, China, and reported to World Health Organization (WHO) in December 2019 [6, 7]. In December 2019, the emerging infectious disease called the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, began and spread worldwide [8]. The emergence of novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) since late 2019 introduced a global health crisis that has revealed the present-day health systems limits globally [6]. In the past 70 years, studies have found camels, cattle, cats, dogs, horses, mice, pigs, rats, and turkeys that were infected with coronaviruses [5].
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