Assessing the bioavailability of phenanthrene to soil microorganisms using the Tenax extraction method

Abstract

The Tenax TA extraction technique followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) determinations was used to assess the actually bioavailable fraction of phenanthrene (ABF-Phe) in three different soils freshly contaminated with this compound at levels of 10, 100, and 1,000 mg kg(-1). The results were related to the ecotoxic effect of phenanthrene on soil nitrifying bacteria. Nitrification potential measurements were applied as an ecotoxicity end point. A strong positive linear relationship (r2 = 0.95) was obtained between the content of the actually bioavailable phenanthrene fraction and the inhibition of nitrifying bacteria activity.