Abstract
In the context of (digital) human–machine interaction, people are increasingly dealing with artificial intelligence in everyday life. Through this, we observe humans who embrace technological advances with a positive attitude. Others, however, are particularly sceptical and claim to foresee substantial problems arising from such uses of technology. The aim of the present study was to introduce a short measure to assess the Attitude Towards Artificial Intelligence (ATAI scale) in the German, Chinese, and English languages. Participants from Germany (N = 461; 345 females), China (N = 413; 145 females), and the UK (N = 84; 65 females) completed the ATAI scale, for which the factorial structure was tested and compared between the samples. Participants from Germany and China were additionally asked about their willingness to interact with/use self-driving cars, Siri, Alexa, the social robot Pepper, and the humanoid robot Erica, which are representatives of popular artificial intelligence products. The results showed that the five-item ATAI scale comprises two negatively associated factors assessing (1) acceptance and (2) fear of artificial intelligence. The factor structure was found to be similar across the German, Chinese, and UK samples. Additionally, the ATAI scale was validated, as the items on the willingness to use specific artificial intelligence products were positively associated with the ATAI Acceptance scale and negatively with the ATAI Fear scale, in both the German and Chinese samples. In conclusion we introduce a short, reliable, and valid measure on the attitude towards artificial intelligence in German, Chinese, and English language.
Highlights
Recent years have seen tremendous developments in products of technologies within artificial intelligence (AI)
The present study aimed to develop and introduce a short, valid, and reliable measure to assess the Attitude Towards Artificial Intelligence (ATAI scale) in the different languages of German, Chinese, and English
principal component analyses (PCAs) in each sample from Germany, China, and the UK consistently demonstrated that the ATAI scale consists of two negatively related scales describing Acceptance and Fear of AI
Summary
Recent years have seen tremendous developments in products of technologies within artificial intelligence (AI). Recent examples are Google’s AlphaGo (an AI computer program that plays the game “Go”) defeat over a Chinese Go Master [2] or Google’s AutoML (Automatic Machine Learning; invented to teach AI software to build other AIs) creating an AI, which is smarter than the previous man-made one [3] In line with this progress, recent years have seen dramatic developments in the construction of self-driving cars, a forthcoming billion-dollar industry. The team built a humanoid female robot named Erica, which looks human-like and is declared “an autonomous conversational android with an unprecedented level of human-likeness and expressivity, as well as advanced multimodal sensing capabilities” [7], p 22 Another example would be A tlas®, which was created by Boston Dynamics [8]. It is described as “the most dynamic humanoid robot” [8] and its aim is to be deployed for rescue work in situations, which humans would not survive [8, 9]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
